What is Kosen Judo?

Hey guys, I was in the middle of continuing my newaza segment when I realized that there is an unreasonable amount of ground to cover in just one post. When I read articles on the history of Judo or Brazilian Jiu Jitsu they always amalgamate their shared history into a few short paragraphs. Worse than that, they tend throw in a bunch of terms in italics, as though to say to their reader "Screw you, Google it!" In today's scary world where proper nouns double as verbs and attention spans are short we have to consider the consequences of just saying things without explaining them. In cases where a writer is presenting their interpretation of history as canonical, partial information is as bad as false information. For example, in my original piece I was just going to throw in "Kosen Judo" with a tiny blurb after explaining what it is. Limiting that explanation to a footnote seems to imply that the context it brings to the discussion isn't all that important, when it really is.

I'm sort of doing it here to some of you, but for those who know who Mitsuyo Maeda is look at how he's typically treated in the founding story of BJJ. He almost never gets a proper introduction— Maeda becomes this random figure who teachers the Gracie family how to fight for a while, and then through their own genius the Gracies become really skilled at newaza. One has to ask however, what the hell was Maeda doing in Brazil in the first place? Which of the Gracie kids did he actually teach? All of these details reveal something valuable about the history of the sport. Maeda was one of the Jigoro Kano's delegates sent around the world to promote Judo, which at the time was just starting to replace the name "Kano Jiu Jitsu." What does this say? For one, it says that anybody who claims that Brazilian Jiu Jitsu comes from traditional Japanese Jiu Jitsu is full of it. Not only that, it shows that the techniques and principles of BJJ, in fact, come from Judo! If one reads one of those short histories of BJJ, what tends to happen is this over-glorification of individual fighters. Sure, the Gracie family is full of genius and hard working people, but it is the combination of that and being able to build on a well thought-out system of martial arts that made them successful.

 

But I digress.

What is "Kosen Judo" and why does it matter in my quest of trying to "find" newaza? Trying to avoid anecdotes and provide actual facts, Kosen Judo is "regular" Judo, taught at 5-year "kosen schools," that emphasized ground technique. During the early 20^th century, the technology for mass-produced mats was simply not good enough to project people from the high velocity impact of a committed Judo throw (even today injuries at the beginner level are fairly common). As a result of this, instructors spent most of their time practicing newaza and eventually became really good at it. They were good not only in the sense that they excelled at the skill itself, but they were also able to win competitions against judoka who were taught in the traditional way, forgoing throws completely. Basically, they would pull guard (hikikomi), which means to fall backwards and pull an opponent down between their legs in order to start mat work without being thrown. There was no rule against this until 1925, when Dr. Kano… made a rule against this. One possible explanation, perhaps the most logical, is that Kano had envisioned Judo being a system that used both standing techniques and ground techniques, and didn't want one being taught more than the other purely for success in competition. There are principles of tachi waza that don't have a ground equivalent, and given the amount of though Kano put into the system I'm not surprised that he would be a little miffed that they weren't able to executed in shiai! I would go as far as to say that the concept of BJJ and Olympic style Judo would disappoint him, a lot.  

Regardless of official rule changes, the Kosen style of Judo persisted and didn't change its format for its own tournament, which is why it is relevant to me. They represent what Judo players could accomplish if they spent as much time drilling mat work as they did doing uchikomi. Today Kosen judo, that is schools that have teachers with lineages in Kosen judo, is only practiced in what were the Imperial Universities of Japan. It is wildly impractical for me to travel to Japan and check up on them, but somewhere inside I like to believe that it's this parallel universe to BJJ schools, where the passion and rigor of newaza has not been lost like it has in the United States. That would be great! There are a lot of judoka that are credited as being great on the ground, but often that is the result of them having a strong wrestling background and is not necessarily Judo. I've learned a lot of great things from Greco Roman wrestlers, but it's not Judo. It's not as though I'm a Tae Kwon Do person going "Where's my mat work?" I'm a judoka— Judo, by definition, includes mat work and if I'm not going to Japan to learn it, where will I go? I'll save that for next time. Here's a video from a DVD set on Kosen Judo, bare with the cheesy music.

 Thanks for stopping by, you're alright!

-Ben